索引

索引

(本部分页码为英文版页码,即本书的页边码)

absentee ownership,56

absenteeism,129,225

AC Spark Plug,144

ACW(Amalgamated Clothing Workers),178-79

Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,318

Adidas,292-95,307,309

Adler,Philip,169-70

AFL(American Federation of Labor),113-14,129

African Americans,5,59,104,110,114,116,157,357n,380n

Agnelli,Giovanni,136

aircraft industry,229-32,230,238,328n,381n

Akron,Ohio,128,161,163-64,235-36

Alabama,110,235-36

Alexander Smith carpets,239

All Saints’ Church(Derby,England),1

Allegheny County,Pennsylvania,110

Allentown,Pennsylvania,240

All-Russia Metal Workers’ Union,177

Almy and Brown,45-46

Alpert,Max,212,214

Althrop,Lord,32

Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers,99-103,355n

Amalgamated Clothing Workers(ACW),178-79

American Communist Party,114,145

American Federation of Labor(AFL),113-14,129

American Landscape(Sheeler),152-53

American Legion,238

American Machinist(trade journal),144

American Notes(Dickens),64

American Pastoral(Roth),ⅹⅵ

American Steel Foundries Company,228

American Woolen Company,76

“Americanism and Fordism”(Gramsci),132

Amertorp Corporation,228-29

Amoskeag Manufacturing Company,57-58,76-77,78,79,150,153,314,345n,349n

Amtorg,187-90,194,221

Anshan Iron and Steel Company,277-78

antitrust suits,113,357n

Apollinaire,Guillaume,86-87

Apollo Iron and Steel Company,104

Appelbaum,Richard P.,290,300

Apple,ⅹⅱ,270-71,273,289-90,293-97,308-9,322

Appleton,Nathan,49

Appleton Company,53

Appliance Park(General Electric),238,243-44

Arab Spring,269

ArcelorMittal,265

architecture and design

 boardinghouse model,54,55

 building length and width,51-52

 in China,310-11

 collapse of factories,76-77,349n

 early British textile mills,14-17

 in Eastern Europe,251,253-56

 elevators,16-17

 fires and fire danger,15,17,52,76-77,349n

 iron,15,52

 Kahn and modern industrial design,133-37,139-40

 lighting,15,20-21,52,139-40

 New England textile mills,48-49

 reinforced concrete,133,135,139

 roof monitors,139-40

 sawtooth roofs,15,134,140

 single-story factories,139

 steam power,16

 steel frames,139

Arens,Egmont,172,369n

Arkwright,Richard,7-9,8,13-15,17,35-36,45,314,334n

armor and armaments industry,93-95,120,123,176,223-24,228-33,369n

art and artists,ⅹⅱ

 depictions of Chinese industry,273,288,303,310,312

 depictions of Cold War mass production,233,244,256-57

 depictions of Eiffel Tower,86-87

 depictions of Fordism and industry,77,102-3,119,136,145,148-61,157,366n

 depictions of iron and steel industry,96,97

 depictions of Soviet industry,170,170,210-18

Arthur G.McKee & Company,202

Asheboro,North Carolina,240

assembly line,118,124-27,125,144-45,182,196-98

Atlanta,Georgia,85-86,164

Austin,James Trecothick,84

Austin Company,191-92,221,373n

automation and mechanization cotton industry,7,9

 downsizing and,242-43,317-18

 Fordism,118,124-27,125,144-45,182,242-43,297

 textile industry,50

automotive industry. See also names of specific automotive manufacturers

 artistic depictions of,155-58

 in China,298

 conversion for military production,229-31

 in Germany,265-67,388n

 increase in number of giant factories,127-28,143-44

 innovative factory architecture,133,136-37,140

 number of workers,143-44,245

 product standardization,141-42

 protests and strikes,161-66

 in Soviet Union,171,190-93,199-200,205

 trade unions and labor organization,129,162-68

Autostadt(Volkswagen),267

Avtograd,Soviet Union,248,385n

AvtoVaz,248

Awful Battle at HomesteadPaAn(illustration),102

B Building(Ford),139,142

B-24 bombers,229,230,231

B-26 bombers,232

Babbage,Charles,10-12

backward integration,90,105,138,353n,388n

Bage,Charles,15

Baines,Edward,5-6,11-12

Bangladesh,274,318

Bank Misr,268

BASF,267

Bell,Daniel,244-45

Bellamy,Edward,72

Belper,England,8,17,45

BeltThe(play),172

Bendix,William,244

Benjamin,Walter,85

Bennett,Harry,132,142,168

Bentham,Jeremy,17

Bentham,Samuel,17

Bentinck,William,37

Berger,Victor,77

Berkman,Alexander,102

Berlin,Germany,250,256

Berman,Marshall,ⅹⅵ

Bessemer,Henry,92

Bethlehem Iron Company,95

Bethlehem Steel Company,107,113,116,232,245,356n,385n

BF Goodrich,292

Biddeford,Maine,55

Big MoneyThe(Dos Passos),117,147

Biggs,Lindy,144

Birmingham,Alabama,110

Blake,William,28,96

Bloomberg Businessweek,310

Bloomfield,New Jersey,238

Bloomington,Indiana,237,382n

Boeing,232

Bologna,Italy,329n

Bolton,England,21,29,62

Bombay,India,17

Bomber City proposal,231

Boott,Kirk,345n

Boott Mills,53,74-75,104,315-16

boredom,30,60,64,165,258-59

Boston,Massachusetts,47-48,54,84,115

Boston Associates companies,55-56,65,77,79,99

Boston Manufacturing Company,47-51,53-54,341n,343n

Boswell,James,3-4

Boulware,Lemuel R.,240,242

Bourke-White,Margaret,119,149-54,170,170,197,213-14,216-18,377n

Braddock,Pennsylvania,97,110

branding,50,290-93

Brave New World(Huxley),147

Bridgeport,Connecticut,240

Brockport,New York,240

Bron,Saul,221

Brontë,Charlotte,31,42

Brooklyn Navy Yard,228

Brown,Moses,45

Brownson,Orestes,72-73

Buffalo,New York,85,116,133

Buick,137,144

Bukharin,Nikolai,183,215,220,371n

Burlington Free Press(newspaper),61

Burnham,James,226,380n

Burtynsky,Edward,273,288,312

Cadillac,290

Calder,John K.,188,196

calico industry,5,11,51-52,60,345n

California,232-33,235,237,368n

Calvert Investments,322

Cambodia,274,281

Cambria Iron and Steel Works,91,91,93,314

Camden,New Jersey,166,236

Cameron,Ardis,76

Canada,76,363n

Capital(Mark)19,33-34,94

capitalism

 as atavistic slogan,227

 convergence theory and,227,316

 early British textile mills and criticism of,33-35

 emergence of industrial capitalism,33-35

 factories as essential to development of,319

 implantation of by outside merchant capital,56

 iron and steel industry “super-capitalism,” 103-5

 socialism vs.,172-73,175-76,224-25,278

carding,6-7,18,24,45,341n

CardingDrawingand Roving(illustration),24

Carlyle,Thomas,31

Carnegie,Andrew,93-94,100-101,105,111-12

Carrefour,293

Carriage,Wagon,and Automobile Workers’ Union,129

Castro,Fidel,256

Cayenne,French Guiana,46

Céline,Louis-Ferdinand,147

Cement(Gladkov),217,373n

cement industry,138,217,249

Cendrars,Blaise,87

Centennial Exhibition(1876),80-82,81,84,88,107,350n

“Centennial Inauguration March”(Wagner),80

Central Labor Institute,177,371n

Chadwick,Edwin,333n

Chagall,Marc,86

Chamberlin,William Henry,215

Chandler,Alfred D.,Jr.,290

Chaplin,Charlie,ⅹⅱ,159-61,209,214

Charles River,48-49

Chartists and Chartism,38,41,88

Chase,Stuart,215

Chelmsford,Massachusetts,54

Chelyabinsk,Soviet Union,196,201,203,212,221,224,374n,379n

Chengdu,China,272,302,304,306

Chevalier,Michael,43-44

Chevrolet,144,165,237,290,314

Chiang Kai-shek,283

Chicago,Illinois,106,128,167,228-29

 post-WWⅡ strikes,238

 world’s fairs,85,145,158

 WWⅠ-era labor movement,114-17

Chicago Century of Progress Exposition(1933-34),145,158

Chicago Federation of Labor,114

Chicopee Falls,Massachusetts,55,62,72

child labor,19,42,348n

 early British textile mills,3,21-25

 efforts to regulate,30-33,41,68

 New England textile mills,45-46,59-60,68,71,74,77,78,347n,349n

 outsourcing,294

China Labour Bulletin,306

Chinese industry. See also names of specific locations

 architecture and design,310-11

 changes leading to giantism,274

 company housing and villages,278,285-87,300,304-5

 compensation and wages,271,286,301

 Cultural Revolution,279-80,391n

 dagongmei or dagongzai,286

 debate over economic policies and industrial practices,278-80,391n

 decline of giant factories,317

 decollectivization of agriculture,284

 discipline,285,301-3

 excitement of,301

 export-oriented manufacturing,281-86,288,392n

 Five-Year Plans,275,277

 foreign investment and manufacturing,282-83

 gender and rural/urban imbalances,308,397n

 government support for giantism,298-99

 Great Leap Forward,275-79

 hukou system of residency permits,284-85

 interns,308-9

 involvement of Soviet Union,275,390n

 iron and steel industry,277-78

 leftist approach to industrial management,277-78

 legacy of giantism,320

 Maoist era,274-80

 market-oriented policies,280-83

 mass production as passing stage,311

 migrant labor,294-301,305,308

 number of workers,272-73,287

 percentage of workers in manufacturing,ⅹⅲ

 poverty and life expectancy,305-6

 protests and strikes,302,306-8

 recruitment,286-87,308,396n

 safety issues,304

 secretiveness,272,289,309-10

shutting down giant factories,316

 size and scale of,272-74,288-90,296-98,300

 small-scale rural industry,276

 social status,285-86,392n

 special economic zones,281

 Spring Festival holiday week,287-88

 symbolism of factories,310-13

 turnover,285

 women,286-87,308,311

 worker input over management,276

 worker suicides and company reaction,ⅹⅱ,270-72,389n

 working conditions,301-4

 working day and hours,302

Christian Community of Working People,261

Christian Science Monitor(newspaper),215

Christmas decorations and accessories,295

Chrysler Corporation,140,143,145,163,166,243,290

Chrysler Tank Arsenal,228

Chukovskaya,Lydia,211

Church Street El(Sheeler),151

Chutex Garment Factory,307

Cincinnati,Ohio,229

Cisco,292

Citroen,André,363n

Ciudad Juárez,Mexico,382n

Civil War,75,120

Clarks shoes,290

class. See social status and class

Classic Landscape(Sheeler),152-53

Cleveland,Ohio,116,149,163-64,238,242

Coburn,Alvin Langdon,149

Cold War mass production

 in Eastern Europe

  decentralization and downsizing,264-65

 factory construction,253-54,257

  model industrial cities,249-57

  Nowa Huta steelworks,249,251-65,253255,387n

  politicized working class,257-64

  shrinkage of workforce,264-65

  urbanism,250-51,254

  valorization of industry and workers,249-50

 in Egypt,268-69

 in Germany,265-67

 legacy of giant factories,320

 in Soviet Union

  automotive industry,246-48

  convergence theory,226-27

  post-WWⅡ reconstruction,245-46

  scientific and atomic cities,246

  tractor industry,246

  Western assistance,247

 in United States

  convergence theory,226-27

  decentralization and downsizing,227-28,235-44,382n

  loss of interest in industrial workers,244-45

  military giantism,228-33

  post-WWⅡ sale of plants,238

  productivity increases,243

  shrinkage of workforce,240-41,243-45

  trade unions and labor organization,233-42

Colt,Samuel,123

Columbian Exposition(1893),85

Coming of Post-Industrial SocietyThe(Bell),244-45

Committee for Industrial Organization(CIO),163-68

Commons,John L.,112

Communist ManifestoThe(Marx and Engels),42

company housing and villages

 boardinghouse model,54,55,61-62,65-66,74-75

 in China,278,285-87,300,304-5

 Eastern European model industrial cities,249-51,253-56

 iron and steel industry,103-6

 in Soviet Union,192-93,208-10,246,248,373n,385n

company housing and villages(continued

 textile industry,18,20,53-54,61-62,65-66,74-75,334n

 WWⅡ era,230-32

company stores,18,46

compensation and wages,ⅹⅴ

 in China,271,286,301

 company store credit,46

 currency shortages,18,46

 downward pressure on wages and living standards,37

 Ford Motor Company,129-30,132,145-46

 piecework,6,65,108,176,178-79,371n

 post-WWⅡ,234

 productivity vs.,65-66

 raising after bad publicity,271,389n

 reductions in,65-66,99-100,163

 sliding scale,90,100

 truck,18,36

 Waltham-Lowell system,60

 withholding,308,335n

 women and children,23

Condition of the Working Class in EnglandThe(Engels),29-30,41,112,337n

Connecticut,46,68,240,347n

Cook,Tim,296

Cooper,Hugh L.,186

cooperatives,10,179,224

Corliss engines,80,81,350n

Corn Laws,31-32,41

Cotton Factories,Union StreetManchester(engraving),28

cotton gin,5

cotton industry,4-8

 age of workers,23

 architecture and construction of mills,14-17

 early American,45-46

 in Egypt,268

 England compared to New England,43-44

 environmental damage from,27-28

 fire danger,15,17

 first giant factories,7-10

 import substitution,5

 limit of plant size,13

 living conditions,29-30

 machine wrecking,35

 Marx’s Capital and,34

 mechanization of,7,9

 radical change in,6-7

 renting space and power to multiple employers,10

 rising demand for goods,4-5,46

 slavery and,5

 technical demands of,5-6

 theories behind adoption of factory model,10-13

 working conditions,23-27,30-32

Cotton States and International Exposition(1895),85-86

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance,252

Couzens,James,359n

Cowie,Jefferson,316-17

Coxe,Tench,82

Criss-Crossed ConveyorsFord Plant1927(Sheeler),152

Crockett,Davy,68-69

Cromford,England,7-8,13-15,17,23,36,3l4,333n-34n

Crompton,Samuel,7

croppers,36-37

Crystal Palace Exhibition(1851),84-85,88,93,134,291

Cuba,161

Curtis-Wright Corporation,229

Czechoslovakia,249,385n

Daily Worker(newspaper),161

Daimler AG,248

Dalton,Massachusetts,72

Daqing Oil Field,277-78

Datang,China,295

Davies,Stuart,154

de Gaulle,Charles,256

Dearborn,Michigan,122,137-38,155,242. See also River Rouge plant

Debabov,Dmitri,213

Defense City proposal,230-31

Defoe,Daniel,ⅹⅱ,3

Delauney,Robert,86-87

Dell,270

Dell,Floyd,103

democratic voice,ⅹⅴ

 iron and steel industry,101,103

 “labor question,” 111

 late eighteenth-and early nineteenth-century Great Britain,39-40

 male suffrage,41

 workers shut out of direct participation,38,338n

Demuth,Charles,154

Deng Xiaoping,280-81

Derby Silk Mill(England),1-4,2,7-8,24,314,329n

Derbyshire,England,36

Derwent Valley,316

design. See architecture and design

Detroit,Michigan,122. See also Ford Motor Company and Fordism

 artwork by Kahlo,159

 artwork by Rivera,155-58,157

 closure of factories,245

 involvement in Soviet industrialization,169,188,190,194-95,199

 relocation from,241

 trade unions and labor organization,129,138,167

 workforce,123,129

Detroit Free Press(newspaper),194

Detroit Industry(Rivera),156-58,157

Detroit Institute of Arts,155,158

Detroit News(newspaper),169

Detroit Times(newspaper),194-95

Devonshire,Duchess of,14

Dickens,Charles,ⅹⅱ,3,16,43,64,76,272

Dimitrovgrad,Bulgaria,249,257,259

discipline

 in China,285,301-3

 early British textile mills,18-20,23,30

 in Eastern Europe,258-59

 Ford Motor Company,130-32

 iron and steel industry,105

 New England textile mills,61-62,74

 in Soviet Union,197

Disney,293

Disraeli,Benjamin,26

division of labor,11,60,74,121-22,124,232

Dix,John,43-44

Dnieporstroi hydroelectric dam,171,185-86,203,217

Dodge and Dodge Main plant,137,143,166,229,237,243,314

Dom Pedro Ⅱ,80,81

Dongguan,China,273,300,318

Dos Passos,John,117,147

“double speeder” roving frames,49

Douglass,Frederick,5

Dover,Massachusetts,66

Dover,New Hampshire,54-55

Dover Manufacturing Company,54

Dowlais iron works(Wales),41

Dreiser,Theodore,103

Dresden,Germany,267

Driggs,Elsie,154,366n

Du Pont,194

Dublin,Thomas,63,345n-46n

Dunapetele,Hungary. See Sztálinváros,Hungary

Dunaújváros,Hungary. See Sztálinváros,Hungary

Duranty,Walter,215

Dynamo(play),150

East Chelmsford,Massachusetts,51

East Springfield,Massachusetts,163

Edison,Thomas,106

Edison Illuminating Company,122

Egypt,268-69

Eiffel,Gustave,86

Eiffel Tower,86-88

Eisenstein,Sergei,216,377n

Eisler,Hanns,216

Electric Auto-Lite,163

electronics industry,270-73,289-97,306,308

elevators,16-17,333n

Elizabethport,New Jersey,121

Embargo Act,46

Emerson,Ralph Waldo,57,70,348n

Encyclopedia Britannica,118

Engels,Friedrich,19,26,29-30,32-34,41-42,88,112,337n-38n

Engineering Magazine,144

England. See cotton industry:Great Britain:names of specific locations;textile industry

Enlightenment,ⅹⅵ

EntuziazmSimfoniya Donbassa)(Enthusiasm:Symphony of the Donbas)(film),214,216

environment and ecology,ⅹⅳ-ⅹⅴ

 British mills and factories,16,27-28,28

 Eastern European industry,261,387n

 iron and steel industry,91

 legacy of giant factories,320-21

 New England textile mills,56-57,76

Ericsson,292

Essen,Germany,93,104,266

Ethiopia,318

EUPA,288-90,301

Evans,Walker,244

Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations(1853),85,88,351n

Exposition Universelle(1855),85

Exposition Universelle(1889),86-88,100

Eyes on Russia(Bourke-White),217

F-150 trucks,314

factories and factory giantism

 abandoned factories,ⅹⅴ-ⅹⅵ

 concepts of modernity and progress and,ⅹⅲ-ⅹⅶ,5,20-21,31,40-41,171,319

 consolidation,57-58

 cycles of factory giantism,315-17

 defense of,30-32

 defining nature of,ⅹⅱ-ⅹⅲ

 efforts to regulate,31-33

 environmental damage,27-28

 expansion through replication,53,55-58

exploitation of labor,22-27,65-66,301-4

 first factories,1-4

 future of,321

 general definition of factory system,22

 legacy of,318-22

 longevity of,314-15

 loss of manufacturing jobs,ⅹⅰ

 nostalgia for,ⅹⅴ-ⅹⅵ

 as objects of wonder,ⅹⅱ,ⅹⅳ-ⅹⅴ,20-22,119

 percentage of workers in manufacturing,ⅹⅲ

 “postindustrial society,” ⅹⅲ

 poverty,29-31

 revolutionary nature of,ⅹⅱ-ⅹⅳ

 size and scale of,ⅹⅶ,1,9,289-96,328n

 as source of fear,ⅹⅴ

 support of the state,39-40

 sustainability vs. reemergence,ⅹⅴ,316

 theories behind adoption of factory system,10-13

 transformation from novel to ordinary,40-42

 transformation of social status and,13-14

 ubiquity of,ⅹⅰ-ⅹⅱ,ⅹⅷ,127-28

 unknown to purchasers of goods,317

 Waltham-Lowell system,47-61

Factory Acts,32-33

factory cities. See company housing and villages

Factory Girls’ Association,65-66

“Factory Girls of Lowell,The”(Whittier),69-70

factory housing. See company housing and villages

factory tourism,ⅹⅱ,4,20-22,43,69-70,85,135-36,144-45,151-52,156,159,217,310

Fair Labor Association,271

Fairbairn,William,17,53

Fairfield shipyard(Baltimore,Maryland),232

Fallows,James,305

Female Labor Reform Associations,67-68

FIAT,136-37,247,314,362n

Figes,Orlando,184

Filene,Edward,119,146-47,182

filmmaking,86,136,148,159-61,214,216-17

fires and fire danger,15,17,52,76-77,349n

Firestone,161,164,235-36

Fischer,Louis,216

Fisher,Charles T.,155

Fisher Body,137,144,155,164-65

Fitch,John,82,95,103,109

Fitton,R.S.,15

Fitzpatrick,John,114

Flagg,Edmund,83

Flannery,Vaughn,151-52

flax industry,4-6,15

Flextronics,292

Flint,Michigan,143-44,164-66,237,314,320

Flivver KingThe(Sinclair),147

flying shuttles,6

Fontana,California,232

footwear industry,133,273-74,288-90,289,291-95,298,307,309,318

forced labor,24-25,203. See also slavery

Ford,Edsel,137,153,155-57,159,366n

Ford,Henry,118-19,122,124,131,138-41,143,147,157,159,168,174,180,186-87,190-91,319,366n.

  See also Ford Motor Company and Fordism

Ford Motor Company and Fordism,142,317

 architecture and design,132-37,136

 assembly line,118,124-27,125,144-45

 backward integration,138

 company paternalism,130-32,145

 compensation and wages,129-30,132,145-46

 concentration of production,143

 continuous flow processing,121-22,124

 conversion for military production,229-31

 conversion for Model A,141-42

 decentralization and downsizing,242-43

 depictions of,77,102-3,119,136,145-61,152157,366n

 discipline,130-32

 fascination with,144-45

 Five Dollar Day plan,129-30,132,145-46

 immigration and immigrants,129-30

 interchangeability of parts,120-21,123,359n

 labor problems,127-29,142,155

 manufacturer-dominated system,290-91

 mass production,118-27

 material-handling systems,126

 number of workers,127-29,144,363n

 outsourcing,295

 product standardization,122,141-42

 progressive placement of machinery,123-24

 protests and strikes,155,167-68

 publicity and factory tourism,135-36,144-45,151-52,363n

 single-purpose machinery,122-23

 social status and class,119

 Sociological(Service)Department,130-32,145,168

 Soviet industrialization and,186-87,190-91,196-98,371n

 stamped parts,123

 trade unions and labor organization,129-30,163,167-68

 turnover,128-29

 vertical integration,138,142

 village factories,143

 women,130

 working day and hours,129

“Forditis,” 127,160

Fordson tractors,138,142,180-81,362n

Forge and Foundry(Rivera),158

Fort Peck Dam,150,154

Fort Wayne,Indiana,163

Fortune(magazine),119,150,153-54,213,217,244

Foster,William Z.,114,116,181,371n

Foxconn,ⅹⅲ

 advantages for retailers,296

 architecture,310

 automation,317-18

 company housing,304-5,396n

 decline of,317

 discipline and control,301-4

 interns,308-9

 investment in,321-22

 number of workers,272-73

 protests and strikes,306

 recruitment of men,308

 safety issues,304

 scaling up production,296-98,394n

 secretiveness,272,289,309-10

 size and scale of,289-90,300-303,389n

 symbolism of,312-13

worker suicides and reaction,270-72,300,303,389n

 working conditions,296-97,301-3

Foxconn People(company newspaper),303

France,31,79,149,330n

 armor and armaments industry,93

 French Revolution,39

 life expectancy,ⅹⅳ

 world’s fairs,85-88

Frank D.Chase Company,169

Fraser,Steve,179

free trade,31

Freyn,H.J.,225,379n

Freyn Engineering Company,201,252

Frick,Henry Clay,101-2,355n

Fridlyand,Semyon,212

Fujian,China,281

Fulton,Robert,82-83

fustian industry,5-6,330n

Gadsden,Alabama,235-36

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele Ⅱ,135

Gantt charts,178

Garland,Hamlin,103

Gary,Elbert H.,106,116

Gary,Indiana,106,116,163,188,201,245,385n

Gastev,Alexei,177-78,220-21,301,319,371n

Gatrell,V.A.C.,13

GAZ(Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod[Gorky Automobile Factory]),190-94,199-200,204,207-8,208,210,212,221

Gdañsk,Poland,262-64

General Electric(GE),128,163,166,186,238-44,290

General Motors(GM),137,142-44,190-91,237-38,291

 decentralization,237,382n

 protests and strikes,164-65,234

 trade unions and labor organization,163-66

 world’s fair exhibits,145,158

George N.Pierce Company,133

Georgia,85-86,164

Germany,79,149,174,186,293. See also names of specific locations

 armor and armaments industry,93

 automotive industry,265-67,388n

 Eastern German industry,249

 trade unions and labor organization,267

giantism. See factories and factory gigantism

gig mills,36

Gilbreth,Frank,174,370n

gingham industry,49

Gladkov,Fyodo Vasilievich,217

Glasgow,Scotland,29

Gleason,Jackie,244

GM. See General Motors

Goddard,Paulette,160

Godley,John Robert,71

Goldblatt,Louis,161

Gomułka,Władysław,260

Goodman,Susan Tumarkin,214

Goodrich,235

Goodyear Tire and Rubber,128,164,167,235-36

Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod.See GAZ

Gorky,Maxim,ⅻ,211-12,214

Gou,Terry,271,283,303

GPU(later known as NKVD),203-4

Graham,Charles,97

Gramsci,Antonio,131-32,319

Grant,Ulysses S.,80,81

Gray,John,32-33

Great Britain,ⅹⅳ,39-40,186,321.

  See also cotton industry;names of specific locations

 architecture and construction of factories,14-15

 average mill size in nineteenth century,9

 compared to New England,43-44

 life expectancy,ⅹⅳ

 textile industry,1-7,9-10,15,17,30,35-36,38

 worker protests,35

Great Depression,155-56,159,162,168,188,194,211,219

Great Falls,New Hampshire,54

Greenfield Village(Ford),141,143

Gropius,Walter,140,230

Gross Pointe,Michigan,137

Grumman Aircraft,232,381n

Guangdong,China,281-82,306

Guangxi,China,299

Guangzhou,China,300

Guanlan,China,308

Guardivaglio,John,329n

Guess,318

Gunther,John,98

Gursky,Andreas,312

H&M,318

Habermas,Jürgen,ⅹⅶ

Hamilton,Alexander,ⅻ,82

Hamilton Manufacturing Company,53,61,63,74

Hamtramck,Michigan,143

Hard Times(Dickens),16,21

Hargreaves,James,7,35-36

Harney,G.Julian,88

Harrison,New Jersey,106

Hawthorne,Nathaniel,95-96

Hayek,Friedrich von,226-27

Heathcott,Joseph,316-17

hemp industry,4

Henry Ford Hospital(Kahlo),159

Herman,Victor,375n

Hewlett-Packard,270,295

Highland Park factory(Ford),125,127-28,133-38,136,141,143,145,159,167-68,363n

Hillman,Sidney,114,178-79

Hindus,Maurice,186-87

Hine,Lewis,77,78,150-51,153

History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain(Baines),5-6

Hitler,Adolf,266

Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,289,307

Hobsbawm,Eric,38

Hollingsworth,Edward,36

Hollywood,California,237

Holyoke,Massachusetts,55

Home Depot,293

Homestead,Pennsylvania,93-94,100-103,102,105,110,245,314,357n

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co.,270,321. See also Foxconn

Honey,Frank,197-98

Hong Kong,282-83,295

Hopper,Edward,154

hours. See working day and hours

housing. See company housing and villages

Huafang Group,273

Huajian Shoes,318

Hudson Motor Company,137

Hudson River,83

Hunan,China,300-301

Hungary,249,257-60,387n

Huxley,Aldous,147

“I Fall Asleep,Just Standing Like That”(Xu),303

IBM,290,292

IG Farben,267

Ignatovich,Boris,212

Illinois. See Chicago,Illinois

immigration and immigrants

 Ford Motor Company,129-30

 involvement in protests,110-11,117

 iron and steel industry,110,115,357n

 New England textile mills,74,76-78,343n

Imperialism(Lenin),174-75

India,4-6,17,37,48,329n,331n

Indiana. See names of specific locations

Indianapolis,Indiana,237

Indonesia,274

Industrial Revolution,ⅹⅳ,ⅹⅵ,4,13,16,20,24,27,40,96,111,148,318-19,321

Industrial Valley(McKenney),162

Industrial Workers of the World(ⅠWW),77-78,129

Inkeles,Alex,227

insurance,113,131,234-35

interchangeability. See standardization and.interchangeability

International Exhibition(1873),85

international exhibitions. See world’s fairs and international exhibitions

International Harvester,128,167,372n

International Labor Organization,ⅹⅲ

interns,308-9

Ireland,29,74,111

Iron Age(trade journal),144,212

iron and steel industry,41,88-95

 Bessemer process,91-92,94,96

 blast furnaces,89-90,92,94,96,353n

 cast iron,90

 in China,277-78

 company paternalism,104-5

 compared to textile industry,93-94,96,98

 criticism of,96-97,103-4

 democratic voice,101,103

 depictions of,96,97

 early nonfactory production,89

 in Eastern Europe,249,251-65

 factory housing and villages,103-6

 fascination with,95-96,97,117

 growth of,92-93

 immigration and immigrants,110,115,357n

 iron shafts,49

 number of workers,91,93,245

 pollution,91

 production system,93-95

 protests and strikes,98-103,102,167,358n

 puddling,90-92,94,96,103

 railroads and,89-94,99

 reformers’focus on,111-13

 repression by,103-4

 safety issues,109-10

 scientific management,107-9

 shift work,109

 social status and class,99-100

 in Soviet Union,171,185,201-5,207,209-10,214,246

 “super-capitalism,” 103-5

 as symbol of modernity,97-98

 technological innovations in,89-92

 trade unions and labor organization,99-103,166-67

 undercover reporting on,112

 unionization efforts,166-67

 use of iron in early mill construction,15,52

 working day and hours,109

 wrought iron,90

 WWⅠ-era labor movement,114-17

 WWⅡ and post-WWⅡ,234,246

Istanbul,Turkey,17

Italy,3,111,149,247. See also names of specific locations

Ivanov,Vassily,185,188,197-98,219,221

Ivens,Joris,216

ⅠWW(Industrial Workers of the World),77-78,129

Jackson,Andrew,69

Jagiellonian University,261

James,C.L.R.,380n

Japan,283,302,307,310

Jefferson,Thomas,69

jennies,7,9,20

Jobs,Steve,271,296

Johnstown,Pennsylvania,91,91,235,245,314

joint stockholder corporations,47-48,50-52

Jones and Laughlin,92-93

Journey to the End of the Night(Céline),147

Joy,Henry B.,133,137

Judt,Tony,40

Kaganovich,Lazar,200,215

Kahlo,Frida,155,156,158-59,366n-67n

Kahn,Albert,133-34,137-40,143-45,156,158,169,187-91,194-95,219,228-29,232,363n,380n

Kahn,Julius,133

Kahn,Louis I.,230-31

Kahn,Moritz,194-95

Kaiser,Henry J.,232

Kaiser Permanente,232

Kaiser-Frazer Corporation,232

KamAZ,248

Kansas City,Kansas,164,238

Kazakhstan,171

Kazin,Alfred,147

Kelly,Florence,112

Kennan,George Frost,215

Khaldei,Yevgeny,212

Kharkov,Soviet Union,195-96,200,221,224

Khrushchev,Nikita,247,256

Kingsford charcoal,138

“knockers-up,” 20

Kotkin,Stephan,171

Krupp,93,104,265-66

Kunshan,China,318

Küppers,Sophie,212-13

Kuznetsk,Soviet Union,171,201

labor organization. See trade unions and labor organization

“The Laboring Classes”(Brownson),72

Lackawanna,New York,245

LaFarge,Laura,88

LaFarge,Paul,88

Lake Michigan,105

Lake Winnipesaukee,57

Lancashire,England,9,20,29,37,40,336n

Lancaster,England,20

Lancaster,Pennsylvania,237

Landes,David,12,20,40

Lange,Dorothea,232

Lawrence,Abbott,68

Lawrence,David L.,239

Lawrence,Massachusetts,55,57,75-77,79,349n

Lawrence Manufacturing,53

layoffs,141,163,166,234,264,268

Le Corbusier,140,230

Le Creusot,France,93,104

Lebow,Katherine,258

Leeds Mercury(newspaper),26

Leica,214

Leicestershire,England,36

Lenin,Vladimir,158,170-71,174-76,184,205,370n

Lenin Shipyard(Gdañsk,Poland),262-64

Letters from America(Godley),71

Levi Strauss,290,293

Lewis,John L.,165-66

Liberty ships,232

Lichtenstein,Nelson,300

Life(magazine),119,150,154,211

Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong the Factory Boy,The(Trollope),13-14,21,25

Life of Riley,The(television program),244

Lincoln,167-68,242

Lingotto,Italy,136,314,362n

Lissitzky,El,212-13

Liverpool,England,40,95

Locks and Canals company,52-53

Lombe,John,1-4,7-9,15,45

Lombe,Thomas,1-4,7-9,15,45

London,England,84-85,87-88,93

Long Island,New York,232

Longhua Science and Technology Park.

  See Foxconn

Looking Backward(Bellamy),72

looms,7,15,36-37,47-48,59,65,333n

Lord’s Ark church(Nowa Huta,Poland),261-62

Los Angeles,California,235,368n

Louisville,Kentucky,238,243

Lowell,Frances Cabot,47-49,54,57,59,79

Lowell,Massachusetts,ⅹⅲ

 architecture of mills,51-52

 boardinghouse model,54,55,61-62,65-66,74-75,304

 company paternalism,61-62,71,74-75,131

 corporate structure,52-53

 criticism of,70-73

 economic downturn,75

 effects on American manufacturing,79

 engraving of,53

 expansion beyond,55-58

 founding and composition of town,53-54,62

 infrastructure for mills,51

 longevity of,314

 manufacturer-dominated system,290

“milking” of old property,315-16

 number of workers,54,56-57,75

 population of,54

 protests and strikes,66-68,77,347n

 sale of patent rights,54

 shutting of mills,79

 visitors’impressions of,43-44,54,58-59,68-69

 women laborers,48,54,58-70

 working day and hours,67-68

Lowell Bleachery,57

Lowell Machine Shop,57,61,344n

Lowell Manufacturing,53

Lowell Offering,The(magazine),61,63-64

Lozowick,Louis,154,161

Lu Zhang,298

Luce,Henry,150

Ludd,Ned,35-37

Luddites,161

Ludowy Theater(Nowa Huta,Poland),256

Ludwigsafen,Germany,267

Lumière,Louis,86

Lunacharsky,Anatoly,213

Luther,Seth,70-73

Lynn,Massachusetts,128,163

Ma Wen-jui,278-79

Macao,282-83

Mack Avenue plant(Ford),133

Magnavox-Capehart,163

magnetos,124,125

Magnitogorsk,Soviet Union,ⅹⅲ,171,185,201-5,207,209-10,212,214-17,224,246,314

Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Complex.

  See Magnitogorsk,Soviet Union

Magnitogorsk Mining and Metallurgical Institute,207

Mahalla el-Kubra,Egypt,268-69

Maiak plutonium plant(Ozersk,Soviet Union),246

Maine,55,81

Makarewicz,Henryk,253255

Making Bessemer Steel at Pittsburgh(illustration),97

Malaysia,295,307

Man of Marble(film),257

Managerial Revolution,The(Burnham),226

Manchester,England,3,8,10

 compared to Lowell,43-44,62

 Engels and,34,88,337n-38n

 entertainment,22

 pollution,16,27,28

 population increases and poverty,29-30

 protests,39

 railroad,40

 renting space and power to multiple employers,10

 scale of mills,21

 working conditions,26,31

Manchester,New Hampshire,55,58,62,68,76

Manchester Operative(newspaper),70

Manufactured Landscapes(film),273,288

Mao Zedong,ⅻ,277-79,284

Marcuse,Herbert,227,244

Marion,Indiana,237

market proximity,236,241

Marquis,S.S.,131

Marshall,Alfred,11-12,290

Martin,Glenn L.,231-32

Martin,Samuel,27

Marx,Karl,5,21,30,33-34,37,88,123,303,337n-38n

Marx,Leo,153

Maryland,231-32. See also Sparrows Point,Maryland

Massachusetts,46,133,347n. See also names of specific locations

Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association,84

Masses,The(journal),145

Maupassant,Guy de,87

May,Ernst,210

McClintic-Marshall Products Company,169

McClures Magazine,103

McCormick,Cyrus,106

McCormick Harvesting Machine Company,106,290

McKees Rocks,Pennsylvania,110-11,113

McKenney,Ruth,162

meatpacking industry,114,121,127,234

mechanization. See automation and mechanization

Méliès,George,86

Melnikova-Raich,Sonia,194-95

Melville,Herman,ⅻ,72

Memphis,Tennessee,236,382n

Men and Steel(Vorse),98

Mercury,242

Merrimack Manufacturing Company,51,56,65,314,343n,345n

Merrimack mills. See Lowell,Massachusetts

Merrimack Mills and Boarding Houses(engraving),55

Merrimack River,51,55,57-58

Metzgar,Jack,235

Mexico,274,294,382n

Michigan. See Ford Motor Company and Fordism;names of specific locations

Middle River,Maryland,231-32

Middlesex Company,61

Midvale Steel Works,107

Milan,Italy,135

Miller,Hugh,27

Mills,C.Wright,227,244

Milton(Blake),28

mining,16,28,32,39,41-42,115,194,201,333n

Misr Spinning and Weaving Company,268-69

Mississippi River,83

Missouri,85,229

Model A,141-42,144-45,151,191

Model T,118,122-27,138,141-42,144-45,147,174,181,317

Modern Times(film),159-61,209

modernity and progress

 American view of mechanical progress as integral to,82-85

 Chinese vision of,281,311,313

 Eastern European model industrial cities,251

 Eiffel Tower as symbol of,86-87

 factories as producers of,319,321

 factories as symbols of,ⅹⅲ-ⅹⅶ,5,20-21,31,40-41

 iron and steel industry as symbol of,97-98

 life cycle of factories,315

 railroads as symbols of,40,83-84

 slavery and,5

 Soviet vision of,171,184,205-6,210,213

 steam power as symbol of,82-84

Monchique,Portugal,21

Monongahela River,101

Monroe,James,69

Montour Iron Works,91

Moody,Paul,47,49

Morgan,J.P.,105,112

Moscow,Soviet Union,190-91,194-95

Mubarak,Hosni,269

Muncie,Indiana,237

Murphy,Frank,165

Murphy,Gerald,154

Murray,Philip,234

Muscle Shoals,Tennessee,186

Museum of Modern Art,152

My Life and Work(Ford),174,180

Myanmar,274

N.W.Ayer & Son,151

Naberezhnye Chelny,Soviet Union,248

Napier,Charles James,27

Napoleon Ⅲ,85

Napoleonic Wars,46

Nashua,New Hampshire,55,62

Nasser,Gamal Abdel,268

NationThe(magazine),216

National Child Labor Committee,77

National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers,114-17

National Guard,78,101-2,165

National Labor Relations Act,167

National Rip-SawThe(journal),145

Nebraska,85

New Deal,146,163,233,240

New Economic Policy(NEP),178-80

New England OfferingThe(magazine),63

New England textile mills. See also Lowell,Massachusetts;names of specific locations;Waltham,Massachusetts

 architecture of mills,51-52,343n

 criticism of,70-73

 expansion beyond Lowell,55-58

 faded vision of as “commercial Utopia,” 73-79

 number of workers,54,56-57,75-76

 pollution,76

 protests and strikes,66-68

 shutting of,79

 women,48,54,58-70,75

 working day and hours,67-68,347n

New Hampshire,54-55,58,62,68,76,347n

New Jersey. See names of specific locations

New Lanark,Scotland,8,13,21,24,26

New Masses(journal),172

New Orleans(steamboat),82-83

New York City

 Edison factory,106

 strikes,115

 world’s fairs,85,88,215,351n,363n

New York Herald(newspaper),101

New York(state). See names of specific locations

New York Times(newspaper),194,200

New York Times Sunday Magazine,217

New York World’s Fair(1939),215,363n

Newcastle,England,96

Newhouse,Edward,161

Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company,186

New-York Daily Tribune(newspaper),58-59,66

Niagara Falls Power Company,150

Nike,273,292-94,296,304,307,396n

Nishimura,Koichi,293

Nissan,248

Nizhny Novgorod,Soviet Union,171,190-93,199

Nizhny Tagil,Soviet Union,201,212,374n,379n

Nkrumah,Kwame,ⅻ,256

NKVD(formerly GPU),203-4

nonfactory production,4-6,9,32

North American Aviation,238

North River(steamboat),82-83

Nottingham,England,7-8,328n

Nottinghamshire,England,36

Nová Ostrava,Czechoslovakia,249

Nowa Huta,Poland,249,251-65,253255,314,387n

Oastler,Richard,26

O’Hare,Kate Richards,145-46

Ohio. See names of specific locations

oil industry,277-78,290

Olds Motor Works,123

Olmsted,Frederick Law,104-5

Omaha,Nebraska,85

On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers(Babbage),10-11

O’Neill,Eugene,150

organzine industry,2-3

Orjonikidje,Sergo,198,200,220

Otis Elevator,239

Otis Steel,149-50

Ottoman Empire,5,329n

outsourcing,291-96

Overman,Frederick,89

Owen,Robert,24,26

Ozersk,Soviet Union,246

Packard Motor Company,133,137,362n

painting,86,148,151-59,157,366n

Palace of the Soviets(Moscow,Soviet Union),230

Panama-Pacific International Exposition(1915),144-45

panopticon,17

paper industry,72

“Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids,The”(Melville),72

Paris,France,85-88,100

Parsons,Talcott,227

Partisan Review(magazine),161

patents and patent royalties,3,7,9,54,190,343n,346n

Pawtucket,Rhode Island,45,66

Pawtucket Falls,51

PBM Mariner flying boats,232

Pearl River Delta,China,282-83

Pegatron Corporation,273,296,310,322

Pellerin,Cora,76

Pelton,O.,55

Pemberton Mill,76-77,79,349n

Pennsylvania,46. See also names of specific locations

Pennsylvania Railroad,58

Pennsylvania Steel Company,104

pensions and retirement,113,131,234-35,285,306,321-22

Perkins,Frances,103

Petrograd,Russia,180

Petrusov,Georgy,214

Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,80-82,81,84,88,107,163

Philco Radio,163

photography

 depictions of Cold War mass production,233,244

depictions of Fordism and industry,77,102-3,119,136,145,148-54

 depictions of Soviet industry,211-14,216-18

Piano,Renzo,362n

piecework,6,65,108,176,178-79,371n

Pierce,George N.,36ln

Pierce-Arrow,361n

Pinkerton National Detective Agency,100-101

Piquette Avenue plant(Ford),133,361n

Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,90-93,95-97,97,103,110,115,163,234,238,239

Pittsburgh Survey,96,112-13,357n

Plug Riots,39

Plymouth,154

“Poem for Adults”(Ważyk),256-57

poetry,86-87,256-57,303

Pogodi,Nikolai,188

Poland,250,252,261-64. See also Nowa Huta,Poland

Polish Military Organization,204

politics and government

 democratic voice,ⅹⅴ,39-41,101,103,111,338n

 in Eastern Europe,259-62

 incentives to relocate,241

 post-WWⅡ support for union labor,238

 reaction to protests and strikes,38-39,78,100-102,110-11,116,165,167,236,307

 regulation,5,30-33,41,68,114

 Senate investigation of steel industry,113

 state support of factory system,39-40

 Waltham-Lowell system,69

pollution. See environment and ecology Pontiac,191

Pou Chen Corporation,273-74

power sources,2,16

 charcoal,89-91

 coal,91,253

 coke,89-90,353n

 electric,139

 hand power,4,9-10

 horse,7,45

 iron shafts,49

 leather belts,49

 pace of labor and,31

 steam,8,10,13,16-17,20,56,75,80,81,82-84,333n,344n

 water,2-3,7,9-10,13,16,51-52,56-57,143,333n,344n

Preis,Art,234

Press Shop(Ford),141

Pressed Steel Car Company,110-11

production and productivity. See also automation and mechanization

 adoption of factory model and scale of production,10-11

 compensation and wages vs.,65-66

 concentration and centralization of production,ⅹⅴ,11-12

 effects on environment,ⅹⅳ

 effects on life expectancy,ⅹⅳ

 just-in-time production,296-97

 mass production,118-19,124

 New England textile mills,56-57

 post-WWⅡ automation and mechanization,243

 scaling up production,296-98,394n

 scientific management,107-9

 union vs.nonunion workers,383n

progress. See modernity and progress

Progressive Era,112

proletariat,30,41

Prometheus,96

Proprietors of Locks and Canals on the Merrimack,51

protests and strikes

 automotive industry,155,161-66

 in China,302,306-8

 early labor organization,38-39

 in Eastern Europe,259-63

 in Egypt,268-69

 electronics industry,306

 first substantial walkouts,39

 government and military reaction to,38-39,78,100-102,110-11,116,165,167,236,307

 immigrant participation in,110-11,117

 iron and steel industry,98-103,102,167,358n

 “labor question,” 111

 Luddites,35-39

 machine wrecking,35-39

 New England textile mills,66-67,77-78

 transformation from novel to ordinary,42

 in Vietnam,274,307,397n

 women’s participation in,66-67,77,347n

 WWⅠ era,115-17,234,358n

 WWⅡ and post-WWⅡ,233-35,238,239

“protoindustrialization,” 13

publicity. See art and artists;factory tourism

Pudong New Area of Shanghai,China,281

Pueblo,Colorado,96

Pulaski,Virginia,237

Pullman,128

Puma,292

Pun Ngai,281

punctuality,20

punishment,19,24-25,31,303

Putilov metalworking complex(Petrograd,Soviet Union),180

Quincy Market(Boston,Massachusetts),84

R.Smith,Incorporated,169

Radio Corporation of America(RCA),166,236-37,242,290,382n

RAIC(Russian-American Industrial Corporation),178-79

railroads

 iron industry and,89-94,99

 opportunities for women,74

 in Soviet Union,176

as symbols of modernity,40-41,83-84

Ramizov,G.,210

Rawfolds,England,37

RCA. See Radio Corporation of America

Reagan,Ronald,240,254,281

recruitment(labor)

 in China,286-87,308,396n

 difficulties during WWⅡ,229-30

 early British textile mills,23-24

 early US,45-46

 in Eastern Europe,257-58

 New England textile mills,59-61

 in Soviet Union,186,188,199

Reebok,289,292

Reed,John,146

regulation

 child labor,68

 textile industry in England,5,31-33

 working day and hours,68

 WWⅠ era,114

Renault,248

Republic Aircraft Corporation,232,381n

Republic Steel,167

retirement. See pensions and retirement

Reuther,Victor,199-200,207-8,223

Reuther,Walter,199-200,208,223,229

Rhode Island,45-46,66,71,348n

Richmond,California,232-33

River Derwent,1,7,16-17

River Irwell,21,27

River Rouge plant(Ford),137-45,150-54,152,156-57,157,159,167-68,188,242-44,310,314,362n-63n

Rivera,Diego,ⅹⅱ,86,154-59,156-57,161,366n

Rizzi,Bruno,380n

Robert,Owen,8

Robinson,Harriet,63

Rochdale,England,29

Rockefeller,Abby Aldrich,153

Rockefeller,John D.,Jr.,153,158

Rockefeller Center(New York City),158

Rodchenko,Alexander,212

Romania,385n

Roosevelt,Franklin,164-65

Ross,Andrew,300

Rostow,Walt,227

Roth,Philip,ⅹⅵ

Round Mill(Belper,England),17,333n

Rousseau,Henri,86

“ruin porn,” ⅹⅵ

rural-based manufacturing,6,13,17-18,69

Russell Sage Foundation,112

Russian Clothing Workers syndicate,178

Russian Revolution,114,116

Russian-American Industrial Corporation(RAIC),178-79

Saco,Maine,55,81

safety issues

 in China,304

 in Eastern Europe,258

 fires and fire danger,15,17,52,76-77,349n

 iron and steel industry,109-10

 in Vietnam,304,396n

Saigon,Vietnam,282

“Saint Monday,” 18-19

Salford,England,29

sawtooth roofs,15,134,140

Scale and Scope(Chandler),290

Schenectady,New York,128,163,166,240,244

Schneider,93,104

Scientific American(magazine),212

scientific management(Taylorism),107-9,127,174-79,181,297,356n,371n

Scotland,8,13,21,23-24,26,29,60,121

Scott,John,202-4,207,224

Scott,Sam,21,27

Seabrook,C.F.,194

Seattle,Washington,115,232

Second All-Union Conference on Scientific Management,177

Seiberling Rubber Company,194

Selassie,Haile,256

Sendzimir,Tadeusz,264

Seurat,George,86

sewing machine industry,82,121,290,317

Shaikhet,Arkady,212

Shanghai,China,273

Shatov,Bill,372n,378n

Sheeler,Charles,ⅹⅱ,150-54,152,158,214,235

Shengzhou,China,295

Shenzhen,China,271-72,283-84,287,300,304,308,311

shift work,24,100,109,129,198,268,287,302,304

shipbuilding industry,232

Shirley(Brontë),31,37,42

Shlakman,Vera,55

Shop Management(Taylor),174

Shumyatsky,Boris,161

Siberia,171

Siemens,290

silk industry,1-6,10,35

Sinclair,Upton,147

Singer Manufacturing Company,82,121,290,317

Sirotina,A.M.,206

Sisi,Abdel Fattah el-,269

skilled labor and workers,45,60,90

 differences in treatment of,46,100,106

 mechanization and reduction in number of,36-37,50,99

 protests and strikes,77,100,116-17

 scientific management and,108

 in Soviet Union,181

 specialized machinery and,123,229

 standardization of parts and,120,229

 trade unions and labor organization,99-100,110

Skyscrapers(Sheeler),151

Slater,Samuel,45,50,65,74,341n

slavery

 cotton industry,5,330n,345n

 metaphor of slavery for factory labor,25-27,70-71,336n,349n

 modernity and,5

 Southern textile mills,59

Sloan,Alfred P.,Jr.,142

slubbing machines,30-31

Smith,Adam,122

Smith,Hinchman,& Grylls,143

Smith,Terry,153

“smokestack nostalgia,” ⅹⅵ

social status and class

 attendance at world’s fairs,87-88

 concentration of large numbers of workers,30

 critical mass for political discussion and labor organization,38

 of factory owners,13-14

 growing class division in US,72-73

 iron and steel industry,99-100

 Marx’s Capital and,34-35

 migrant labor in China,285-86

 politicized working class,257-64

 promise of Fordism,119

 socialism and,278-79

sock industry,36,38,295

Sofia Petrovna(Chukovskaya),211

soldiering,126

Solectron,292-93

Solidarity trade union,262-64

Song of Heroes(film),216

Sons of Vulcan,96,355n

Sony,290

Sorenson,Charles,142

Soule,George,215

South Bend,Indiana,163

South Bethlehem,Pennsylvania,113

South Korea,283,304,307,310

Southey,Robert,20-21,26

Soviet Automobile Trust,198,373n

Soviet industrialization

 American involvement in,169,171,178-79,185-94,197-200

 automotive industry,190-93,199-200,205

 call for unprecedented rapid industrialization,183-84

 capitalist industrialization vs.,172-73,224-25

 conveyor method(assembly line),182

 culturalization efforts,205-10

 documentary and artistic depictions of,210-18

 factory design and construction,187-88,191-92,194-95,201-2

 factory start-up difficulties,196-205

 Five-Year Plans,183-86,198,201,205-6,210,213,215,217,220,222-23,225,372n

 forced labor,203-4

 Fordism,180-82,187,196-99

 Great Terror,220-21

 interest and adoption of Americanism,173-78,184-85

 iron and steel industry,171,185,201-5,207,209-10,214,246

 judging success of,221-25

 Kahn partnership,194-95,219

 legacy of giant factories for workforce,320

 paying for,218-19,378n

 productivity increases,205

 rejection of foreign involvement,219-21

 resistance to Americanism,176

 scientific management,174-79,181,371n

 security police,203-4

 tractor industry,180-82,186-89,189,194-98,200,224,372n,374n,379n

Soviet Union,149,161. See also Cold War mass production;names of specific locations;Soviet industrialization

 convergence theory,226-27

 involvement in Chinese industrialization,275

 involvement in Eastern European industrialization,251-52,258

Spanish Earth,The(film),216

Sparrows Point,Maryland,95,104-5,232,356n,385n

spinning. See cotton industry

spinning mules,7,9,14-15,20,77

Springfield,Massachusetts,55

St.Louis,Missouri,85,229

Stalin Joseph,170-71,184-85,190,198,201,205,215,219,251

Stalingrad,Soviet Union,169-70,170,185-89,189,194,196-97,206,208,210,217,224,246,314,379n

Stalingrad Tractor Factory(Bourke-White),170

Stalinstadt,East Germany,249

Standard Oil,58,104,290

standardization and interchangeability

 armor and armaments industry,120

 automotive industry,120-23,141-42,359n

 shipbuilding industry,232

 skilled labor and,120,229

 in Soviet Union,197

 tire industry,236

steamboats,82-83

steel industry. See iron and steel industry

Steel Workers Organizing Committee(SWOC),166-67

Steffens,Lincoln,97

Stella,Joseph,96-97

Stepanova,Varvara,212

Stieglitz,Alfred,149

Stockport,England,10,17

Stonorov,Oscar,230-31

Strand,Paul,149

strikes. See protests and strikes

Strutt,Jedidiah,8-9,14-17,45

Strutt,William,15

Studebaker,137,163

Suffolk Manufacturing,53

Sultan of Turkey,17

Sun,292

supervision of labor,11-12,17,23-24,60,169,203,301,303

Surinam,46

Sutton,New Hampshire,62

Swajian,Leon A.,188,196

Swift,127

Switzerland,186

SWOC(Steel Workers Organizing Committee),166-67

Sybil,or the Two Nations(Disraeli),26

Syracuse,New York,240

Syria,76

Sztálinváros,Hungary,249,257-60,387n

Taiwan,273-74,283,288,301,304,307,310

Target,293

Tariff Act,48

Taunton,Massachusetts,55

Taylor,Frederick Winslow,107-8,126,174-78,356n. See also scientific management

Taylor,Myron,166

Taylor,W.Cooke,20,22,27,29,31-32,147,335n

Taylor Society,225

technology. See also names of specific inventions and devices;power sources

 adoption of factory model,12

 architecture and construction of factories,15-17

 assembly line,118,124-27,125,144-45,182,196-98

 automation and mechanization,7,9,50,118,124-27,125,144-45,182,242-43,297,317-18

 British embargo,45,47

 iron and steel industry,89-92

 textile industry,7,9-10,56

 theft of,3,45

 wonder and novelty of,21

television,244

Tempo(play),188

Ten Hours Movement,26,68,73-79

Tennessee,186,236,382n

Terkel,Studs,215

Tesco,293

Texas Instruments,292

textile industry. See also names of specific textile industries

 in China,273

 compared to iron and steel industry,93-94,96,98

 efforts to regulate,32-33

 in Egypt,268

 elimination of hand work,37

 England compared to New England,43-44

 growing international markets,41

 Indian exports,4

 Marx’s Capital and,34

 pollution,16

 post-WWⅡ strikes,238

 preindustrial and nonfactory production,4-6,9,30

 relocation and outsourcing,294-95

 size of early mills,9

 in Soviet Union,178-79

Thatcher,Margaret,281

Thompson,E.P.,30,37-38,338n

Thomson,Edgar,97,100

Those Who Built Stalingrad,As Told by Themselves(book),215

Three Gorges Dam(China),311

Thurston,George,97

Time(magazine),150,194

tire industry,128,161,163-64,235-36

“To a Locomotive in Winter”(Whitman),83

Tocqueville,Alexis de,ⅹⅱ,21,73

Togliatti,Soviet Union,247-48

Toledo,Ohio,163,237

“tommy shops,” 18

tourism. See factory tourism

“Tower”(Cendrars),87

tractor industry,169-70,170,180-82,185-89,189,194-98,200,206,208,210,217,224,246,314,372n,374n,379n

Tractorstroi.See Stalingrad,Soviet Union

trade unions and labor organization

 automotive industry,129,162-68

 Cold War mass production in US,233-42

 early British textile mills,38-39

 in Eastern Europe,262-64

 in Egypt,268-69

 Ford Motor Company,129-30,163,167-68

 in Germany,267

 immigrants and,110

 iron and steel industry,90,96,99-103,166-67

 membership in,99,103,115

 New England textile mills,66,77-78

 outsourcing,294

 post-Civil War economic and political climate,98-99

 productivity,383n

 in Soviet Union,176,178-79,224-25

 WWⅠ era,114-15

 WWⅡ era,168,233-35

tram(silk)industry,3,329n

Tremont Mills,53

Tretyakov,Sergei,216

Tristan,Flora,21

Trollope,Anthony,43,71

Trollope,Frances,ⅹⅱ,14,21,43

Troshin,Nikolai,212

Trotsky,Leon,176-77,182-84,220,226,370n-71n,380n

Trotskyite-Zinovievite Center,204

truck,18,36

Truck Act,41

Truman,Harry S.,238

Trump,Ivanka,318

Turkey,17

Turksib railway,171,372n,378n

turnkey facilities,53

turnover,128-29,258,285,297,306

Twain,Mark,99

Unbound Prometheus,The(Landes),12

United Automobile Workers(UAW),164-68,230,237,242

United Electrical Workers,166

United Rubber Workers,236

United States. See also Cold War mass production;Ford Motor Company and Fordism;names of specific locations;New England textile mills

 cotton industry,5,27-28,45,50,85-86,330n

 growth of manufacturing before WWⅠ,79

 involvement in Soviet industrialization,169,171,178-79,185-94,197-200

 percentage of workers in manufacturing,ⅹⅲ

 size of manufacturing in 1850,1

 steam power,82-83

 view of mechanical progress as integral to modernity,82-85

 world’s fairs,80-81,84-88,144-45

United States Rubber Company,292

urban-based manufacturing,13,16,28-31,38

Ure,Andrew,18-19,23,30-32

U.S.Department of Commerce,145

U.S.Steel(United States Steel Corporation),58,105-6,110-13,116,163,201,245,356n-57n,385n

U.S.A.(Dos Passos),147

USSR in Construction(magazine),211-13,217,376n

USSR stroit Sotzsialism(USSR Builds Socialism)(book),212

Valentiner,William,155-57

Vandergrift,Pennsylvania,104-6

Vanguard Group,Inc.,321-22

Vanport,Oregon,232

Veblen,Thorstein,215

vertical integration,138,142,247,289

Vertov,Dziga,ⅹⅱ,214,216,377n

Vienna,Austria,85

Vietnamese industry

 changes leading to giantism in,274

 discipline,303

 market-oriented policies,281-82

 migrant labor,392n

 poverty,396n

 protests and strikes,274,307,397n

 safety issues,304,396n

 size and scale of,288,289

Vietnamese industry(continued

 symbolism of factories,310-13

Vladimir Lenin Steelworks. See Nowa Huta,Poland

Voice of IndustryThe(newspaper),63

Volga-Don canal,171

Volkswagen,265-67,290,388n

Von Mises,Ludwig,339n

Vorse,Mary Heaton,98,117

Vulcan,96

wages. See compensation and wages

Wagner,Richard,80

Wajda,Andrzej,257

Wales,41

Walesa,Lech,263

walk-outs. See protests and strikes

Wall Street Journal,270

Wal-Mart,292-95,318

Waltham,Massachusetts,48-51,54,56-57,66,69,341n-42n

War of 1812,46-47,69

Ward,Rollo,207

Warren,Michigan,228

“water frames,” 9

Ważyk,Adam,256-57

Wealth of Nations,The(Smith),122

weaving. See cotton industry

West Indies,5,25-26,336n

West Riding,Yorkshire,England,36-37

Westinghouse,163,167

What’s On the Workers Mind,By One Who Put on Overalls to Find Out(Williams),112

Whirlpool,290

White Motors,163

White Sea-Baltic Canal,203

Whitman,Walt,83,350n

Whitney,Eli,5

Whittier John G.,69-70

Wigan,England,62

Willersley castle(England),13

Williams,Whiting,112

Willow Run factory(Ford),229-31,230,232,380n

Wilson,Charles,239

Wilson,Edmund,142,146

Wilson,Guy,152

Wilson,Woodrow,113-14,116-17

Wojtyla,Karol(Pope John Paul Ⅱ),260-61

Wolfsburg,Germany,265-67,388n

women

 in China,286-87,308,311

 company paternalism,61-62

 early British textile mills,23,32,41

 in Eastern Europe,254

 Ford Motor Company,130

 motivations of,59-60

 New England textile mills,43-44,48,54,58-68,73-75,345n

 in Soviet Union,189,191,199,206-7

 working conditions,64-65

 WWⅡ era,232,380n

Wood,Rufus,104

Wood Mill(Lawrence,Massachusetts),76

Woodward,C.Vann,86

wool industry,4-7,9-10,17,30,36,38,60,76

workhouses,24

working conditions

 assembly-line production,127

 automotive industry,127,142

 in China,296-97,301-4

 cotton industry,23-27,30-32

 early British textile mills,23-27,30-32

 in Eastern Europe,258

 New England textile mills,64-65,76

 outsourcing,294

 WWⅡ era,109-10,113

working day and hours

 in China,302

 Ford Motor Company,129,361n

 iron and steel industry,109

 New England textile mills,67-68,73,347n

 outsourcing,294

 regulation of,41

 in Soviet Union,379n

 Ten Hours Movement,26,68,73-79

“Workshop,My Youth Was Stranded Here”(Xu),303

World Bank,305-6

World Trade Organization(WTO),282-83

World War Ⅰ era

 Ford and Navy Eagle Boats,139

 labor relations,113-14

 protests and strikes,115-17,234,358n

 trade unions and labor organization,113-15

World War Ⅱ era

 factory housing and villages during,230-32

 protests and strikes,233-35,238,239

 recruitment of labor,229-30

 Soviet industrialization and,223-24

 trade unions and labor organization during,168,233-35

 unionization efforts,167-68

 women,232,380n

 working conditions,109-10,113

 world’s fairs and international

 exhibitions,80-81,84-88,117,144-45,352n

Worthen,Augusta,62

Wright,James Duncan,21

Wright Aeronautical,229

WTO(World Trade Organization),282-83

Wuhan,China,306

Xiamen City,China,273

Xu Lizhi,303

Yiwu,China,295

Yonkers,New York,239

Yorkshire,England,24

Youngstown,Ohio,92,116

Ypsilanti,Michigan,229

Yue Yuen Industrial(Holdings)Limited,273,296,298,302,306,310,312,322

YYSports,273

Zelenko,Alexander,373n

Zelma,Georgy,212

Zhengzhou,China,273

“Zone”(Apollinaire),86-87

Zukin,Sharon,98

上一章 封面 书架 已读完